Written by Ad OpsOrigins and History of Kosher Kush
Kosher Kush is a modern classic whose reputation spans both connoisseur circles and home grow rooms. The lineage discussed here traces back to Grand Cru Genetics, which selected and refined a mostly sativa-leaning heritage into a consistently potent and aromatic cultivar. In popular press, the Kosher Kush name has also been associated with the prolific breeders at DNA Genetics, creators of Tangie and other headline strains, which helped push the name into the mainstream. Taken together, the story reflects how elite cuts can travel through multiple breeding houses and regions before settling into a stable, market-ready line.
By the early 2010s, the name Kosher Kush had become synonymous with heavy resin, loud diesel-citrus aromatics, and formidable potency. Retail and lab data across multiple legal markets consistently placed it among high-THC offerings, with many batches topping 20 percent total THC. This reputation was bolstered by strong terpene expression that consumers could recognize across rooms, a trait that both growers and buyers appreciate. As more seed companies and nurseries propagated the line, Kosher Kush became a foundational parent in numerous crosses.
Seed banks list feminized versions to meet the strong demand for reliable, uniform plants. SeedSupreme makes clear that Kosher Kush Feminized is a hybrid with very high THC and very low CBD, aligning with what many consumers seek in contemporary flower. The push toward feminized seeds shortened the path to full canopies for small-scale and commercial cultivators alike. In effect, the variety moved from elite clone circles into broad cultivation without losing its defining sensorial punch.
Beyond marketing and seed listings, the strain earned a reputation for sensory impact you could smell from a hallway away. Leafly features repeatedly nod to how a trained nose can pick up Kosher Kush from a mile away, an exaggeration that captures a real-world truth about its terpene density. That trait matters because aroma is a reliable proxy for terpene load, and terpene load correlates to perceived intensity of effect for many users. This sensory identity became the strain’s calling card, helping it anchor dispensary menus and personal jars year after year.
Genetic Lineage and Breeding Narrative
The Kosher Kush line described here traces its modern selection work to Grand Cru Genetics. Their program emphasized a mostly sativa heritage layered onto a Kush backbone, mixing lift and focus with grounded physical comfort. This duality is what makes the plant appealing to both daytime and evening consumers. Rather than a pure indica effect, this particular line aims for a cerebral onset followed by a measured, body-centric finish.
At the same time, the name Kosher Kush is widely associated with DNA Genetics in popular coverage of cannabis history. DNA is often credited for stabilizing and popularizing high-impact Kush expressions, and their catalog is routinely cited in media discussions of citrus and gas-forward lines. This dual attribution speaks to how cannabis genetics often evolve through parallel projects and selections. Breeders working from related building blocks can arrive at convergent results that carry the same name in the market.
On the ground, growers will encounter multiple expressions that all answer to Kosher Kush. Some phenotypes push pine and earth further to the front, while others explode with lemon peel and fuel. In the Grand Cru Genetics selection, expect more citrus-diesel zip on the nose and a slightly taller internodal structure than older, squat OG Kush types. That architecture hints at the sativa influence while preserving stout, trichome-caked colas.
As evidence of its breeding value, Kosher Kush has become a parent in a variety of notable crosses. A prime example is Kosher Berry from Crockett Family Farms, which combines Kosher Kush with a Sour lineage to intensify flavor complexity. Crosses like these preserve the original’s terpene punch while editing plant structure, maturation time, or color. The result is a family tree that continues to expand without diluting the core profile that made Kosher Kush famous.
Visual Morphology and Bag Appeal
Kosher Kush plants typically present medium vigor with a slightly elongated structure, especially in sativa-leaning expressions. Internodes are moderately spaced, allowing light to penetrate the canopy and encouraging uniform bud development. Fan leaves are a rich green with serrated edges, broad in early vegetative stages but tapering toward narrower fingers as the plant matures. With attentive training, the plant creates a clean table of tops suitable for even light distribution.
The flowers themselves carry unmistakable bag appeal. Expect dense, golf-ball to torpedo-shaped colas clad in a thick frost of glandular trichomes that give buds a near-white cast under bright light. Pistils range from amber to deep rust at maturity, contrasting with lime-to-forest green calyxes. Sugar leaves often retain a darker green that accentuates the trichome coverage for striking visual contrast.
Under magnification, the trichome heads are abundant and bulbous, an indicator of high resin production and solventless processing potential. Resin production ramps up rapidly by week five of flower and tends to peak in the final two weeks, a window that matters for harvest timing. The plant’s calyx-to-leaf ratio is favorable for quick trim work, especially on SCROG-trained plants. A well-grown specimen will leave trim bins sparkling and hash bags pleasantly sticky.
When cured, the buds maintain density and a slightly tacky feel due to high oil content. Properly dried flowers break apart with minimal dusting and a gratifying snap of the stem. The finish is a high-gloss crystalline sheen that commands top-shelf attention in jars. Presentation remains robust even after several months of correct storage, preserving its premium look and feel.
Aroma: Diesel, Citrus, and Earth
Aromatically, Kosher Kush lives at the intersection of diesel, lemon zest, and fresh earth. Pinches of dried bud release an immediate blast of fuel that segues into candied citrus and pine sap. A deeper inhale reveals savory undertones that many describe as peppered cedar and faintly herbal spice. This layered complexity is a strong sign of an abundant terpene bouquet dominated by myrcene, limonene, and caryophyllene.
Freshly ground flower intensifies the lemon-fuel character and opens a faint sweetness that reads like caramelized rind. As the bowl or joint burns, the fuel note persists while earthy tones rise, adding balance and depth. Fans of gas-forward strains gravitate to Kosher Kush for exactly this reason, a preference echoed in lists celebrating diesel terpene lovers. The aroma holds steady throughout the burn, announcing itself well before the jar is opened.
Even small rooms can fill with scent after minimal handling, a trait that underscores the need for carbon filtration in indoor grows. Commercial operations often use dual-stage filtration because a single scrubber can be overwhelmed in late flower. For personal grows, a high-flow fan paired with a fresh carbon filter dramatically reduces odor leakage. The goal is to respect neighbors while protecting the top-tier aromatic signature that defines this cultivar.
Leafly’s growing and strain features repeatedly highlight how unmistakable this nose can be. The phrase you can smell it from a mile away has been applied to Kosher Kush because the dominant terpenes project with unusual intensity. This makes it a fixture on best indoor lists, since big terpene output tends to translate to better consumer satisfaction. In the jar and in the room, Kosher Kush performs above its weight in sheer olfactory presence.
Flavor and Combustion Characteristics
The flavor of Kosher Kush follows the nose but adds finesse. On the dry pull, expect citrus oil and petrol, with a faint sweet-herbal thread reminiscent of lemon balm and pine needles. On ignition, the fuel note blossoms and leaves a tangy citrus-laced vapor on the tongue. The exhale rounds into earthy cedar and black pepper, a nod to caryophyllene and humulene.
Combustion quality is typically smooth when the flower is properly dried to 10 to 12 percent moisture content and cured for at least three weeks. Vaporization at 180 to 195 degrees Celsius emphasizes limonene and an uplifting snap in the first draws. Pushing vaporizer temps above 200 degrees Celsius coaxes deeper earth and spice while boosting perceived potency. Glassware preserves brightness, while rolled joints accentuate the resin-driven richness.
The finish lingers as a sappy, citrus-fuel ghost that pairs well with peppery or savory foods. Terpene persistence is a hallmark of well-grown Kosher Kush and a reason it remains popular with extractors. Hydrocarbon and rosin outputs often retain the lemon-diesel ratio that consumers expect from flower. For those who chase true-to-flower extracts, Kosher Kush is a reliable candidate.
Cannabinoid Profile and Lab-Reported Potency
SeedSupreme lists Kosher Kush Feminized as a hybrid cultivar with very high THC content and low CBD, a profile borne out by many retail lab reports. Typical batches commonly test in the 20 to 25 percent THC range, placing it confidently in the contemporary high-potency bracket. CBD usually registers at 0 to 1 percent, which is low enough that the effect profile is driven primarily by THC and terpenes. Minor cannabinoids such as CBG and CBC often appear in trace amounts under 1 percent combined.
Consumers frequently perceive a fast onset with this cannabinoid-terpene mix. High THC provides the engine for euphoria and sensory intensity, while the terpene suite shapes how that power is felt. In sativa-leaning expressions like the Grand Cru Genetics line, the initial lift is pronounced and can feel strong at just 1 to 2 inhalations for low-tolerance users. Experienced consumers may find the sweet spot around 2 to 4 inhalations depending on device and batch potency.
From a practical standpoint, the low CBD leaves little buffer against THC’s sharper edges for some users. Those prone to racy experiences at high doses should pace intake and consider pairing with CBD on hand to moderate intensity. For medical users seeking anti-inflammatory support, the presence of caryophyllene, which targets CB2 receptors, adds a non-intoxicating pathway alongside THC. Still, the primary psychoactivity is unmistakably THC-forward.
In regulated markets, cannabinoid content is verified by licensed labs, but inter-lab variability can reach several percentage points. That means a posted 23 percent THC batch may read 20 to 25 percent elsewhere given different methods. This variance underscores why consumers should focus on total experience rather than a single number. Aroma intensity, freshness, and terpene totals of 1.5 percent and above often correlate more strongly with perceived quality than a small THC difference.
Terpene Profile: Composition, Dominance, and Synergy
Across multiple grow reports and sensory roundups, Kosher Kush consistently shows dominance in myrcene, limonene, and beta-caryophyllene. This trio explains the diesel-citrus-spice arc that defines its signature. Myrcene contributes earth, musk, and a resinous body feel, while limonene pushes zest and mood elevation. Caryophyllene layers peppered spice and engages CB2 receptors for potential anti-inflammatory benefits.
Typical total terpene content for well-grown, hand-trimmed flower ranges from about 1.5 to 3.0 percent by weight. Within that, myrcene often lands around 0.5 to 1.2 percent, limonene around 0.3 to 0.8 percent, and caryophyllene around 0.2 to 0.6 percent. These are representative ranges, not hard rules, but they mirror the sensory weight of each note in the aroma. Secondary terpenes can include humulene, ocimene, and pinene, which modulate the herbal, green, and pine facets.
Synergy between these terpenes and THC shapes how users feel the strain. Myrcene is commonly associated with a relaxing complement to THC, while limonene can subjectively brighten mood and counterbalance heaviness. Caryophyllene’s unique ability to bind CB2 may contribute to perceived body relief without increasing intoxication. When these three peak together at decent percentages, many users report a vivid but balanced ride.
This terpene stack also explains why Kosher Kush attracts both diesel and citrus fans. Gas lovers find the caryophyllene-spiked fuel lane, while citrus chasers zero in on limonene’s candied lemon peel. The earth-pine bed from myrcene and pinene rounds the blend, preventing the profile from becoming one-dimensional. It is a complete aromatic spectrum rather than a single-note hit.
Experiential Effects and Use Scenarios
The Grand Cru Genetics expression of Kosher Kush leans sativa in heritage, and that shows in the first ten minutes after consumption. Users often report a clear lift behind the eyes, sharpened sensory focus, and an uptick in conversational energy. Music and food appreciation frequently pop early, with color and sound seeming more saturated. Despite the uplift, a calm baseline persists thanks to the Kush backbone.
As the session continues, body relaxation starts to smooth out tension in the shoulders and back. The shift is noticeable but not immobilizing when doses are moderate, making it a versatile choice for daytime creative projects or early evening socializing. At higher doses, the body load becomes more pronounced and can encourage couch anchoring and a slower cadence. Duration commonly runs 2 to 3 hours in flower form, with extracts hitting harder and faster.
Anxiety response varies by individual and dose, like with most high-THC strains. The limonene-forward lift helps some users maintain a positive headspace, while others may prefer pairing with CBD if they are prone to overstimulation. Hydration, a comfortable setting, and mindful dosing remain reliable strategies to shape a pleasant session. Many veterans describe Kosher Kush as intense but controllable with a thoughtful approach.
Use scenarios span creative brainstorming, gaming, backyard gatherings, and decompressing after work. The potent sensory overlay synergizes with cooking, art, and music curation. Meanwhile, the progressive body relaxation suits stretching, light yoga, or a winding-down walk. For sleep support, a slightly higher dose 60 to 90 minutes before bed can tip the balance toward sedative calm.
Potential Medical Applications and Supporting Rationale
High THC combined with caryophyllene and myrcene makes Kosher Kush a candidate for pain relief, stress reduction, and mood enhancement. THC remains one of the most studied cannabinoids for analgesia and antispasmodic effects, especially when paired with aromatics that deepen relaxation. Myrcene is frequently associated with sedative qualities in user reports, and caryophyllene’s CB2 activity aligns with anti-inflammatory pathways. Limonene’s presence is correlated with mood-brightening effects in both citrus aromatherapy studies and cannabis user surveys.
Patients seeking relief from musculoskeletal pain, tension headaches, or post-exercise soreness may benefit from the strain’s body easing effects at moderate doses. For those dealing with situational stress, the uplifting onset can reduce rumination and promote a lighter cognitive frame. Individuals prone to GI discomfort sometimes report appetite stimulation and nausea reduction with limonene-rich profiles, though responses are individualized. The overall effect composition suggests utility for late-afternoon through nighttime symptom management.
Because CBD is typically very low in this cultivar, some medical users will augment with a CBD tincture or capsule. Ratios of 2 to 5 milligrams CBD alongside each 5 to 10 milligrams THC can soften rough edges for sensitive patients. Such pairings do not negate THC’s benefits but can broaden the therapeutic window for those who find straight high-THC flower too sharp. As always, medical outcomes vary, and professional guidance is recommended for patients managing complex conditions.
Patients new to cannabis should start low and go slow, especially given Kosher Kush’s frequent 20 percent plus THC readings. Inhaled methods deliver quick feedback within minutes, allowing for self-titration. Edible or tincture forms can be powerful and long-lasting, so conservative first doses are prudent. Keeping a symptom journal helps correlate dose, timing, and relief to refine future use.
Comprehensive Cultivation Guide: Environment, Nutrition, and Irrigation
Kosher Kush thrives in controlled indoor environments where temperature, humidity, and airflow can be dialed precisely. Aim for 24 to 28 degrees Celsius during lights-on and 18 to 22 degrees Celsius at lights-off in vegetative growth. In early flower, keep day temps around 24 to 26 degrees Celsius and nights 18 to 20 degrees Celsius to manage stretch and resin development. Relative humidity targets of 55 to 65 percent in veg and 45 to 55 percent in flower are a good baseline.
Vapor pressure deficit is a practical way to harmonize temperature and humidity. Shoot for a VPD of 0.8 to 1.2 kilopascals in veg and 1.2 to 1.6 kilopascals in flower to optimize stomatal function and reduce disease risk. Good airflow with oscillating fans above and below the canopy prevents stagnant microclimates. A robust exhaust and carbon filtration system is recommended due to the strain’s strong odor late in flower.
In soil, a pH of 6.2 to 6.8 allows for broad nutrient availability. In hydroponics and coco, keep pH between 5.7 and 6.1 for efficient uptake. Electrical conductivity in veg commonly runs 1.2 to 1.6 mS per cm, with 1.6 to 2.0 mS per cm in the bulk of flowering for medium-feeding phenotypes. Monitor runoff or reservoir readings to maintain stability and avoid salt buildup.
Nutritionally, Kosher Kush appreciates steady nitrogen in early veg, then a smooth transition to phosphorus and potassium emphasis in flower. Calcium and magnesium support is often necessary in coco and under high-intensity lighting, so a cal-mag supplement can prevent interveinal chlorosis or tip burn. Silica strengthens cell walls and helps branches carry the weight of dense colas. Foliar feeding can be used early in veg but should be stopped well before flowers set to keep buds clean.
Irrigation frequency depends on medium and pot size, but consistency is crucial. In coco, expect daily to twice-daily fertigation at 10 to 20 percent runoff under strong light. In soil, water to full saturation and allow a meaningful dryback that encourages oxygen exchange, typically every 2 to 4 days depending on pot size and environment. Avoid overwatering, which amplifies root disease and slows growth.
Lighting intensity and photoperiod have a direct impact on yield and terpene production. In veg, 300 to 500 micromoles per square meter per second keeps the plant compact and happy. In flower, 600 to 1000 micromoles per square meter per second with an even canopy drives dense, resinous buds. Daily light integrals of 35 to 45 moles per square meter per day in late flower deliver strong results without overshooting plant capacity.
Training, Canopy Architecture, and Yield Optimization
Kosher Kush benefits from early topping and lateral training to exploit its moderately sativa-leaning structure. Top once at the fourth to sixth node to encourage branching, then low-stress train the arms to create a flat canopy. A second top or manifold approach can be used if veg time permits, yielding 8 to 16 even tops per plant. The goal is to maintain uniform cola height for even light exposure.
Screen of green is particularly effective with this cultivar. Install a screen 20 to 30 centimeters above the pots, weave shoots during early stretch, and fill 70 to 80 percent of the screen before initiating flower. This method supports heavy buds and reduces the risk of branch snapping. It also simplifies defoliation and airflow management beneath the canopy.
Defoliation should be measured and timed. A light leaf strip at day 21 of flower opens lanes for light and air, and a second targeted clean-up around day 42 helps ripening. Avoid extreme defoliation that can stress the plant and reduce photosynthetic capacity. Remove lower larfy sites early to direct energy into top colas that finish dense and market-ready.
Yield potential is solid with proper training and environment. Indoor SCROG yields of 400 to 600 grams per square meter are attainable for skilled growers under high-efficiency LEDs. Outdoors, a well-sited plant in a 200 to 400 liter container can produce robust, multi-pound harvests in favorable climates. Consistency in environmental control is the surest predictor of top-end output.
Flowering Management, Ripening Cues, and Harvest Windows
Flowering time for Kosher Kush commonly lands in the 9 to 10 week range from the flip to 12 hours of light. Sativa-leaning phenotypes may need the full 70 days to finish, while faster expressions can be ready in 63 to 65 days. The strain stretches moderately in the first two weeks, typically 50 to 80 percent, so plan training accordingly. By week five, trichome coverage surges and aroma intensifies significantly.
Use trichome color as a primary harvest signal. Many growers target mostly cloudy heads with 5 to 15 percent amber for a potent but not overly sedative experience. An earlier pull at mostly cloudy with minimal amber emphasizes the lively, sativa-forward onset. A later pull with more amber deepens body heaviness and can tilt toward sleep aid territory.
Support the plants as colas gain mass. Soft ties or a secondary trellis layer prevent lean and microtears that can invite mold. Keep a close eye on airflow in the final two weeks, when colas are densest and humidity creeps upward at night. Target nighttime humidity on the lower end, around 40 to 45 percent, to protect the finish.
Flush strategy depends on medium and nutrient regime. In inert media, a 7 to 10 day EC taper and final low-EC finish can improve burn quality and ash. In living soils, maintain biology with light, balanced inputs and allow the plant to consume residual nutrients naturally. The key is a clean, well-hydrated plant at chop rather than a blunt all-or-nothing approach.
Post-Harvest: Drying, Curing, and Long-Term Storage
A controlled dry locks in the loud terpene signature that defines Kosher Kush. Aim for 10 to 14 days at 17 to 20 degrees Celsius and 55 to 60 percent relative humidity in gentle darkness with steady airflow. Whole-plant or large-branch hanging slows moisture migration and reduces chlorophyll harshness. Avoid aggressive fan blasts that desiccate the outer layer and trap moisture inside.
Once small stems snap and outer buds feel dry but not brittle, move to cure. Jar the flowers loosely at around 62 percent humidity and burp daily for the first week, then several times weekly for the next two to three weeks. Terpene intensity often peaks between weeks three and six of cure, with a smoother, sweeter finish on the palate. A well-managed cure can push flavor and aroma into the top decile of jar appeal.
For storage, light-proof containers and cool temperatures safeguard potency and terpenes. Keep jars in the 15 to 18 degrees Celsius range when possible and avoid temperature swings that promote condensation. Stored correctly, Kosher Kush retains its aromatic identity for months without flattening. Long-term storage benefits from nitrogen flushing or vacuum-sealed mylar when rotation is slow.
If you process for concentrates, fresh-frozen material preserves volatile monoterpenes and the bright citrus-fuel top notes. Dry sift and bubble hash also perform well due to abundant, intact trichome heads. Solventless rosin pressed at 90 to 100 degrees Celsius can retain the lemon-diesel balance prized by consumers. Hydrocarbon extracts capture the full diesel spectrum with excellent fidelity when starting material is fresh and terpene-dense.
Phenotypes, Hybrids, and Notable Descendants
While most cuts will present the classic lemon-diesel-cedar axis, phenotypic spread can tilt any of those three legs stronger. A citrus-dominant pheno pops with limonene and a bright, clean finish that reads energetic. A fuel-heavy pheno roars with caryophyllene and humulene, delivering a deeper bass note and more assertive body weight. An earth-forward pheno lets myrcene and pinene lead, trading some sparkle for forest-floor depth and incense.
Hybrids built on Kosher Kush leverage its terpene density and resin output. Kosher Berry from Crockett Family Farms, combining Kosher Kush with a Sour lineage, is a textbook example of how to amplify flavor while preserving yield and vigor. Breeders often reach for Kosher Kush to thicken resin heads or sharpen citrus-fuel contrast in otherwise muted lines. The result is a library of crosses that remain unmistakably gassy while gaining unique accents.
Extract-focused breeders also appreciate its solventless readiness. Bulbous trichome heads and sturdy cuticles increase the chances of clean separation during ice water extraction. That mechanical friendliness is not universal across strains, making Kosher Kush a reliable contributor in hash-focused breeding projects. The strong aromatic carry-through into concentrates cements its status in extract menus.
As the family tree expands, naming conventions can blur, so tracking breeder and batch lineage becomes important. Look for clear breeder attribution, whether Grand Cru Genetics, DNA-associated lines, or other reputable houses. Cutting provenance, lab terpene data, and side-by-side sensory evaluation help hunters lock in the expression that fits their goals. This diligence pays dividends when scaling a favorite cut into production.
Regional and System-Specific Growing Considerations
Outdoors, Kosher Kush prefers warm, dry summers similar to Mediterranean climates. In coastal or humid regions, focus on aggressive canopy thinning and early-season IPM to stay ahead of botrytis in late flower. Raised beds and well-draining soil mixes reduce root-zone stress during late-season rains. A south-facing aspect with full sun maximizes terpene and cannabinoid development.
For indoor grows, Kosher Kush routinely appears on top indoor strain lists because it responds predictably to controlled conditions. Under LEDs, consider spectrum blends heavy in 3000 to 4000 Kelvin for flower to encourage resin output and maintain tight internodes. Hydroponic systems like recirculating deep water culture or drip-to-waste coco can accelerate growth, but they also magnify errors. Soil and living organic methods offer buffers and a richer terpene expression at a modest cost in vegetative speed.
In hydro, reservoir temperatures should be kept at 18 to 20 degrees Celsius to protect dissolved oxygen levels. Regular sterilization or microbial inoculation strategies are necessary to prevent biofilm development. For drip coco systems, high-frequency, low-volume fertigation paired with 10 to 20 percent runoff keeps EC stable and roots happy. Regardless of system, a clean environment with proactive sanitation is non-negotiable.
Regional guides often call out Kosher Kush specifically for its strong smell and need for airflow management. Outdoor growers in dense neighborhoods should factor odor control into site selection and timing. Indoors, carbon filters sized to the true airflow of the exhaust system are essential starting in mid flower. Planning for smell reduces stress and preserves community goodwill.
Consumer Guidance, Products, and Final Thoughts
Consumers shopping for Kosher Kush should look for sensory markers that match the variety’s reputation. Open the jar and check for a clear diesel spark layered with citrus and earth, not muted hay or grass. Inspect trichome coverage and bud structure, aiming for dense, well-formed colas without excessive stem or leaf. Freshness indicators include a resilient bud that springs back when gently squeezed and an aroma that persists after the jar is closed.
Feminized seeds are widely available, including those listed by SeedSupreme as very high in THC with low CBD. Home growers who prefer guaranteed females can fill tents quickly without culling males. Clone seekers should vet sources and look for documented cuts from reputable nurseries, which reduces phenotype variability. In all cases, a small test run is smart before scaling a new line.
For routine use, consider time of day and dose. Fans of sativa-forward effects often enjoy Kosher Kush in the afternoon or early evening where a bright onset transitions into comfortable relaxation. For sleep support, slightly higher doses or later harvest expressions can deepen sedation. Pairing with music, light movement, or a cooking project often enhances the experience.
In the bigger picture, Kosher Kush endures because it delivers on three fronts: unmistakable aroma, reliable potency, and strong resin. The Grand Cru Genetics selection spotlighted here adds a sativa-leaning lift to the classic package, broadening its versatility. Media and seedbank notes, including frequent Leafly features and SeedSupreme listings, reinforce its stature as a top-tier hybrid. For growers and consumers alike, this is a cultivar that earns its shelf space through performance rather than hype.
