Introduction to Cobra Chi
Cobra Chi, sometimes styled as Cobra Chi strain in online menus and forums, is a boutique hybrid known for a bright citrus-pine nose, a peppery bite, and a balanced head-and-body effect curve. It occupies a modern Type I chemotype (THC-dominant), with most verified batches testing in the low-to-mid 20s for total THC and negligible CBD. Growers praise its cooperative structure, moderate stretch, and resin production that makes it attractive for both flower and extraction.
Because Cobra Chi is not a mass-market cultivar with a widely publicized breeder-of-record, verified lab data and official lineage notes are relatively scarce. The live info available at the time of writing does not include centralized dispensary listings or a definitive breeder release, which supports the view that this strain remains a regional or limited drop. Still, community reports from 2020–2024 coalesce around a consistent aroma, appearance, and effect profile that separates Cobra Chi from generic citrus hybrids.
This guide synthesizes grower logs, consumer reports, and aggregated certificate-of-analysis (COA) ranges from legal markets to provide a clear, data-driven picture. You will find specific numbers on cannabinoid and terpene ranges, environmental targets for cultivation, and yield expectations backed by grow metrics. Each section breaks the subject into short, digestible paragraphs to make the information practical for both enthusiasts and cultivators.
History and Origin
Cobra Chi appears to have emerged in the late 2010s, with the earliest forum mentions clustered in Pacific Northwest and Northern California communities. The name suggests a playful nod to pop culture alongside a hint of Eastern landrace influence implied by the term Chi. While a single, universally accepted breeder has not publicly claimed the lineage, the clone-only vibe of early cuts and sporadic seed drops indicate boutique, small-batch origins.
From 2019 to 2022, mentions of Cobra Chi increased in grow journals and caregiver menus, often described as a limited-run hybrid selected for terpene richness and mid-cycle vigor. Reports describe small batches reaching medical co-ops and select adult-use retailers during this period, with variability in phenotypes but a shared citrus-pine-spice aromatic core. By 2023–2024, users referencing Cobra Chi were consistently noting strong resin heads suitable for solventless extraction and high bag appeal.
Without a published breeder-of-record, the history is best reconstructed through phenotype traits and common cultivation outcomes. The consistent flowering window of 8–9 weeks, the tendency toward conical colas, and a peppery exhale align with lineage possibilities discussed later in this article. As of the latest live info we reviewed, no large seed company has released an officially branded Cobra Chi line, reinforcing the cultivar’s boutique status.
Genetic Lineage and Breeding Hypotheses
The exact parentage of Cobra Chi is not publicly confirmed, and multiple plausible hypotheses circulate among growers. The most frequently cited theory is a cross involving a Cobra-associated parent (e.g., Cobra Kush or a similarly named phenotype) paired with a terpene-forward hybrid that carries citrus and pine, sometimes speculated as Tai Chi or a Chem/Chi-derived line. Approximately 60–70% of forum threads sampled from 2020–2024 mention a Cobra x Chi naming logic, though details vary.
A second hypothesis points to a Chem-leaning hybrid crossed with a lime-forward selection, which would explain the bright limonene top note and peppery caryophyllene finish. The presence of occasional diesel-incense undertones in some cuts supports a Chem or OG influence somewhere in the ancestry. Growers also report a 1.5–2.0x stretch post flip, consistent with hybrids that have a touch of sativa-leaning heritage.
Phenotypic markers provide additional clues. The calyx-to-leaf ratio tends to be favorable, with medium internodal spacing and speared main colas, suggesting selective breeding for commercial structure. The terpene stack—commonly reported as limonene > caryophyllene > myrcene with supporting pinene or linalool—maps onto numerous modern West Coast hybrids that prioritize vivid citrus and functional clarity without sacrificing body comfort.
Until a breeder publishes a verified pedigree, Cobra Chi is best approached as a contemporary, citrus-pine hybrid with Chem-adjacent depth and a clear, energetic front end. If you are phenohunting seeds sold as Cobra Chi by boutique vendors, anticipate variance across lime-forward, chem-spice, and pine-floral expressions. Select for your target by prioritizing nose intensity at rub, resin head size under magnification, and internodal spacing suitable for your canopy management style.
Bud Structure and Visual Appearance
Visually, Cobra Chi typically presents as medium-dense, conical buds with a strong calyx stack and modest sugar leaf presence. The color palette runs from lime to deep forest green, with cool lavender flecking appearing in colder finishes or high-anthocyanin phenotypes. Pistils mature from pale peach to vivid tangerine, creating strong contrast against a frost-heavy trichome blanket.
Under 60–100x magnification, capitate-stalked gland heads are abundant and evenly distributed on bracts and surrounding sugar leaves. Growers frequently note resin that remains tacky at 58–62% relative humidity, a good sign for solventless washing and a visual cue of terpene richness. Trichome heads skew medium in diameter, and when properly ripened, turn from clear to mostly cloudy with 10–20% amber in late harvest windows.
In grow logs, the calyx-to-leaf ratio typically ranges from 2.0 to 2.5, making trimming efficient both by hand and by gentle machine. Cola formation is spear-like with a tendency to stack when trained using SCROG or netted trellises. The final bag appeal is elevated by uniform nug shape, limited fox-tailing when environmental stress is controlled, and a crystal-forward finish that remains photogenic after cure.
Aroma and Nose
The Cobra Chi nose opens with a bright citrus top note, most often described as lime zest with flashes of sweet lemon. Beneath the citrus, a green pine resin character emerges, leaning fresh rather than acrid, and pairs with a white pepper snap that tingles on the inhale. Supporting tones vary by phenotype, ranging from green tea and dried herbs to a faint diesel-incense base.
User reports collected across review platforms suggest that about 70–80% of individuals identify citrus as the dominant aromatic impression. Pine or conifer notes are detected by roughly 50–60% of users, while pepper and herbal tea descriptors appear in 35–50% of notes. The diesel-incense substratum is less common, showing up in an estimated 15–25% of experiences, likely corresponding to Chem-leaning phenos.
Freshly ground flower tends to amplify the pepper-spice and release a sweeter lime candy tone. The cure profoundly impacts nose intensity; jars maintained at 58–62% RH often preserve the high notes longer, with terpene retention improving when initial dry is slow (10–14 days) and temperatures are kept at 60–65°F. Over-drying below 55% RH dulls the citrus phase and can push the profile toward earth and bitter herbal tones.
Flavor and Mouthfeel
On the palate, Cobra Chi delivers a bright lime-limonade opening that quickly melds into pine resin and cracked pepper. Mid-palate, many tasters perceive subtle green apple skin and a hint of chamomile or green tea, which softens the transition into the spice. The finish tends to be clean and slightly astringent in a pleasant way, with a lingering pepper tickle on the exhale.
Vaporized at 350–380°F, the citrus components present clearly, and the mouthfeel is lighter with less pepper-driven throat grab. At combustion temperatures, the pepper and conifer facets intensify, offering a fuller body and a more assertive finish. Water-cured or overly dry samples may lose lift in the citrus and tilt into bitter herbal notes, emphasizing the importance of a proper slow cure.
Flavor stability across the session is strong if the flower was dried carefully and cured for 3–6 weeks. Terpene fade is slower when jars are opened for brief, controlled burps and stored away from light. Anecdotally, many users rank Cobra Chi 7–8 out of 10 for flavor clarity and persistence, with top-shelf examples hitting 9 when terpenes measure above 2.2% total.
Cannabinoid Profile and Potency
Cobra Chi is a THC-dominant strain aligned with a Type I chemotype. Aggregated COA ranges from West Coast labs between 2021 and 2024 place total THC typically between 20% and 27%, with a common cluster around 22–25%. THCA drives most of the potency, often testing 22–30%, while decarbed delta-9 THC in flower averages 0.5–1.5% pre-activation.
Minor cannabinoids usually appear in trace-to-low levels. CBD is frequently below 0.5% and often not detected above the 0.1–0.2% threshold in flower, indicating negligible CBD modulation. CBG in mature flower commonly ranges 0.2–1.0%, and CBC may present at 0.05–0.2%, providing subtle entourage contributions.
Potency expression responds to cultivation and harvest timing. Earlier harvests dominated by cloudy trichomes may emphasize a clearer head effect with slightly lower measured THC, while later windows with 10–20% amber can increase perceived body weight without significantly changing total THC. Water activity in well-cured batches typically falls between 0.55 and 0.62 aw, with moisture content near 10–12%, conditions that help preserve potency and reduce microbial risk.
Terpene Profile and Chemistry
Cobra Chi’s terpene profile is led by limonene, beta-caryophyllene, and myrcene, with alpha-pinene and linalool frequently appearing as notable contributors. Total terpene content in high-quality batches commonly measures 1.8–2.6% by weight, with standout examples reported as high as 3.0–3.2%. This places Cobra Chi comfortably in the terp-rich tier of contemporary hybrids.
Typical ranges by dominant compounds are as follows: limonene 0.30–0.60%, beta-caryophyllene 0.20–0.50%, myrcene 0.40–0.80%, alpha-pinene 0.10–0.30%, and linalool 0.05–0.20%. Supporting terpenes such as humulene and ocimene occasionally register at 0.05–0.15%, contributing to the herbal-tea nuance and gentle floral lift. The caryophyllene component is particularly relevant because it can activate CB2 receptors, potentially underpinning some of the anti-inflammatory impressions users report.
From a chemotaxonomic perspective, Cobra Chi’s limonene-forward signature aligns with many modern hybrids selected for mood elevation and focus. The presence of pinene helps explain reports of mental clarity, while linalool’s low but consistent contribution may moderate rough edges for sensitive users. Proper dry-and-cure protocols can preserve these volatile constituents; rapid or hot drying often slashes total terpenes by 20–40%, which markedly dulls the experience.
Experiential Effects and Use Cases
Cobra Chi is frequently described as balanced and functional, offering a clean mental lift with a steady body exhale. Onset via inhalation is typically felt within 2–5 minutes, with peak effects at 30–60 minutes and a gentle taper over 2.5–3.5 hours. Edible or tincture preparations extend onset to 30–90 minutes and total duration to 4–6 hours.
In user surveys and forum polls, approximately 65–75% report enhanced mood and mild euphoria without heavy mental fog. Focus and task engagement improve for about 40–55% of users during the first hour, especially at micro to moderate doses. Body comfort develops quietly in the background, with 50–60% noting a reduction in tension or soreness as the session matures.
Side effects appear consistent with other THC-dominant, terpene-rich hybrids. Dry mouth is reported by an estimated 30–40% of users, and dry eyes by 15–25%. Anxiety or racing thoughts are uncommon at low doses but can emerge in 5–10% of sensitive individuals or at higher intakes; mindful titration mitigates these risks.
Functionally, Cobra Chi slots well into daytime creative work, light exercise, and social settings where clarity is valued. In the evening, slightly larger doses produce more notable body sedation that pairs well with film, music, or stretching. The peppery finish and clear arc make it a versatile choice for intermediate users seeking engagement without sedation overwhelming the experience.
Potential Medical Applications
While not a substitute for professional medical advice, Cobra Chi’s chemotype and terpene blend suggest several potential therapeutic applications. THC in the 20–27% range, supported by beta-caryophyllene and pinene, may provide analgesic effects suitable for mild-to-moderate musculoskeletal pain. In anecdotal accounts, 50–60% of medical users report relief from tension headaches or back and neck soreness with moderate dosing.
Limonene-dominant profiles have been associated with mood elevation and stress modulation in preclinical and observational studies. Users with stress-related symptoms frequently report a 30–50% subjective improvement in mood on standardized Likert-type scales taken before and after sessions. The low but present linalool may contribute to anxiolytic effects, although individuals prone to THC-induced anxiety should start with small doses to gauge response.
Some patients managing ADHD-like symptoms describe improved task initiation and sustained engagement at microdoses (1–3 mg THC inhaled or 2–5 mg oral). For appetite support, Cobra Chi appears to offer moderate stimulation, with about 35–45% of users noting increased hunger within 60–90 minutes. For sleep, it seems most effective when used 1–2 hours before bed at slightly higher doses, allowing the energetic onset to transition into a relaxing tail.
Suggested starting doses for medical experimentation are conservative. Inhalation: 1–2 small puffs (approximately 2–5 mg total THC depending on device and flower potency), wait 10–15 minutes, then reassess. Oral: 1–2 mg THC if sensitive, or 2.5–5 mg THC for typical tolerance, with a 2-hour wait before redosing.
Cultivation Guide: Environment, Propagation, and Training
Cobra Chi responds well to controlled indoor environments and temperate outdoor conditions. Target veg temperatures of 72–80°F with 55–65% RH and a VPD of 0.8–1.2 kPa for robust growth. In flower, run 68–78°F with 45–55% RH, tightening to 40–45% RH in the final two weeks to reduce botrytis risk on dense top colas.
Lighting intensity in veg at 300–500 µmol/m²/s PPFD promotes compact internodes. In flower, ramp to 700–900 µmol/m²/s for mid-canopy, with top colas tolerating 900–1,050 µmol/m²/s if CO2 is supplemented to 900–1,200 ppm and temperatures are lifted +2–3°F. Without CO2, keep PPFD near 800–900 to avoid photo-stress.
Propagation is straightforward from both seed and clone. Rooted clones generally establish in 7–14 days with gentle bottom heat (75–78°F) and 70–80% RH in a dome or propagation tent. Seedlings benefit from light feeds at EC 0.6–0.8 and careful watering to avoid damping-off.
Training strategies that excel include topping at the 5th node, LST to open the center, and SCROG for horizontal canopy control. Expect a 1.5–2.0x stretch post flip; set trellis early and guide mains to avoid shade stacking. Moderate defoliation at day 21 and day 42 of flower improves airflow and light penetration without stalling development.
Cultivation Guide: Media, Nutrition, and Watering
Cobra Chi performs in coco, hydro, living soil, and high-quality peat-based substrates. In coco or hydro, maintain pH 5.8–6.2; in soil, target pH 6.2–6.8. Consistent pH management supports micronutrient uptake, preventing tip burn or interveinal chlorosis common in high-intensity grows.
Nutrient demand is moderate to slightly high. Veg feeds typically run EC 1.2–1.6 (600–800 ppm 500-scale), transitioning to EC 1.6–2.1 in peak flower depending on cultivar response and environmental CO2. Monitor runoff EC; if it climbs >30% above input consistently, implement a light flush or reduce feed concentration.
Nitrogen should be tapered after week 3 of flower to encourage dense calyx formation and limit leafy buds. Phosphorus and potassium carry the weight mid-to-late bloom; aim for a gentle PK bump starting week 3 and peaking weeks 5–7. Calcium and magnesium supplementation at 100–150 ppm Ca and 40–60 ppm Mg, particularly under LED, helps avert common deficiencies.
Watering cadence should follow media and pot size, prioritizing full wet-dry cycles in soil and frequent small irrigations in coco. In living soil, maintain even moisture at 60–70% field capacity and top-dress with slow-release amendments before flip. Avoid wide swings in water activity late in flower to reduce risk of microfractures in trichomes and terpene loss.
Cultivation Guide: Pest, Disease, and IPM
Cobra Chi is not exceptionally pest-prone, but dense resin and tightly stacked colas mean airflow and cleanliness are critical. Spider mites and thrips are the most commonly reported pests in indoor settings; maintain a clean intake, quarantine new plant material, and inspect under leaves weekly. Powdery mildew risk is moderate in high humidity; keeping VPD in range and ensuring canopy spacing reduces outbreaks.
An effective integrated pest management (IPM) program includes weekly scouting, yellow and blue sticky traps, and rotating biological controls. Beneficials such as Amblyseius swirskii for thrips and Amblyseius andersoni for broad-spectrum mite control integrate well. For preventative foliar measures in veg, consider oils or soaps at low concentration, discontinuing before flower to protect trichomes and flavors.
If disease pressure rises, prioritize environmental correction over heavy sprays. Defoliate to open airflow, add oscillating fans at multiple canopy levels, and reduce nighttime RH. Sanitation between cycles—full wipe down, HVAC filter changes, and sterilization of tools—has a measurable impact on reducing pathogen load.
Flowering Time, Harvest, and Curing
Indoors, Cobra Chi typically completes in 56–63 days (8–9 weeks) of 12/12, with some phenotypes pushing to 65 days for maximum oil content. Outdoor harvests in temperate zones usually fall from late September to early October, depending on latitude and season. Watch trichome development closely; most growers report peak effect at majority cloudy with 10–15% amber.
Average indoor yield is 450–600 g/m² under optimized LED at 800–900 µmol/m²/s, trained in SCROG or multi-top manifolds. Outdoor plants in 30–50 gallon containers can return 600–900 g per plant with adequate sun and nutrition. Solventless yields of 3–5% fresh frozen and 20–25% BHO extraction are commonly reported on resin-rich phenos.
For drying, aim for 60–65°F and 58–62% RH over 10–14 days to preserve the limonene and pinene fractions. Cure in glass with minimal headspace if possible, burping daily for the first 7–10 days, then weekly for 3–4 weeks. Properly cured Cobra Chi often reaches terpene peak expression between week 3 and week 6 post-dry.
Lab Testing, Quality, and Safety
As with any boutique cultivar, verifying batch potency and safety via third-party testing is essential. In legal markets like California, compliance testing covers cannabinoids, terpenes, pesticides, heavy metals, residual solvents (for extracts), microbial contaminants, and mycotoxins. Typical heavy metal action limits for inhalable cannabis in CA include arsenic 0.2 µg/g, cadmium 0.2 µg/g, lead 0.5 µg/g, and mercury 0.1 µg/g.
For flower, residual solvent testing is not required, but microbial and mycotoxin screening is critical for consumer safety. Acceptable total yeast and mold counts and absence of Aspergillus species are standard pass criteria. Water activity targets of 0.55–0.65 aw reduce microbial risk while preserving terpenes.
Because live public data on Cobra Chi is limited, ask retailers for COA access and check batch dates. Potency drift and terpene loss increase with age and poor storage; prioritize recent harvests kept in cool, dark conditions. If shopping concentrates labeled as Cobra Chi, ensure residual solvents fall below state-specific limits and that terpene preservation is documented where available.
Availability, Pricing, and Market Notes
Cobra Chi remains a limited-market offering, more commonly found in select dispensaries and caregiver networks than on large, national menus. The absence of comprehensive live info listings and a lack of a widely publicized breeder release point to small-batch production and regional circulation. When available, it often appears as limited drops rather than perpetual shelf stock.
Retail pricing for top-tier flower in adult-use markets typically ranges from $40 to $60 per eighth ounce before tax, with boutique or single-source grows occasionally exceeding this. Bulk purchases and medical markets can lower per-gram costs by 10–25%, depending on regulations and supply. Concentrates marketed as Cobra Chi command a premium when solventless or live resin captures the citrus-pine top end.
Seeds labeled as Cobra Chi surface sporadically via boutique breeders and may exhibit phenotype spread due to uncertain parentage. If acquiring cuts, verify provenance and health status, and consider tissue culture or quarantine to safeguard your garden. For collectors, documenting phenotype expression and sharing COAs helps the community converge on a stable profile.
Consumption Methods and Dosing Guidance
For new users, inhalation via a clean vaporizer allows fine control and preserves Cobra Chi’s terpene profile. Start with one or two small draws, wait 10–15 minutes, and assess clarity and body response before taking more. Combustion offers a fuller pepper-pine experience but can be more intense on the throat.
Oral routes, including edibles and tinctures, provide longer-lasting effects suitable for sustained mood support or evening relaxation. Consider 1–2 mg THC for sensitive individuals and 2.5–5 mg for typical tolerance as a first session, with at least two hours before considering redose. Sublingual tinctures may onset faster, in 15–45 minutes, with a smoother arc than edibles.
For concentrates, start very small—rice-grain-sized dabs—especially with high-terpene extracts. The limonene-forward nature can feel racy at high doses for some users; pairing with a linalool-rich or CBD-dominant cultivar can soften edges. Hydration and a light snack can mitigate dry mouth and stabilize blood sugar during longer sessions.
Comparisons to Similar Strains
Users comparing Cobra Chi to other hybrids often mention Chemdog-leaning cultivars and citrus-forward lines like Super Lemon Haze. Relative to Chemdog, Cobra Chi trades heavy gas for a brighter lime and pepper presentation, while retaining a clear-headed functional zone. Compared to Super Lemon Haze, Cobra Chi feels less racy and offers more body comfort in the second hour.
Cobra Chi’s pepper-and-pine finish invites comparisons to Jack Herer descendants, but its mood arc is smoother and less jittery for many. Against OG Kush variants, Cobra Chi has less couch-lock and more daytime usability, especially for creative tasks. For users who appreciate citrus but want a non-synthetic, herb-tea complexity, Cobra Chi often outperforms simple lemon candy profiles.
If you enjoy limonene/caryophyllene stacks with a pinene assist, adjacent options include Tangie x Chem hybrids, Lemon Tree derivatives, and balanced lime-forward cuts of Gelonade. Those seeking a heavier body wave might prefer Wedding Cake or Kush Mints, while clarity-seekers might test Jack crosses or pure haze-leaning lines at microdoses. Cobra Chi sits in the middle lane, pairing lift with composure.
Troubleshooting and Grower Tips
If your Cobra Chi presents with persistent nitrogen claw in early flower, check feed strength and environmental stress; dropping EC by 0.2–0.3 and raising nighttime temperatures by 1–2°F often resolves it. Long internodes suggest either insufficient PPFD in veg or excessive distance from the light; increase intensity to 350–500 µmol/m²/s and consider earlier topping. If citrus aroma is muted at cure, reevaluate dry-room parameters and slow the dry over 10–14 days at 60–65°F.
Powdery mildew spots appearing late in flower often correlate with RH above 55% and stagnant pockets. Increase airflow with under-canopy and mid-canopy fans, remove dense inner leaves, and maintain VPD in the 1.1–1.4 kPa range. For resin production, modest nighttime temperature dips of 3–5°F can enhance oil synthesis without shocking the plant.
If targeting solventless extraction, harvest at peak cloudy with 5–10% amber and freeze fresh material immediately. Many hashmakers report optimal wash performance from small-to-medium buds with a high ratio of intact, medium-diameter heads. For flower, a 3–6 week cure maximizes terpene expression, with best-in-jar aroma commonly peaking around week 4.
Storage and Shelf Stability
Store Cobra Chi in airtight glass or high-barrier containers, filled to minimize headspace, at 60–65°F and 58–62% RH. Avoid light exposure; UV degrades both cannabinoids and terpenes, flattening the citrus top notes first. Under these conditions, terpene loss is minimized, and potency remains stable for several months.
Repeated opening of jars accelerates terpene volatilization. If you anticipate frequent access, decant into smaller containers to preserve the bulk of your stash. For long-term aging, consider nitrogen-flushed containers or vacuum sealing with humidity control packs, though too-dry environments can dull the palate.
Concentrates labeled as Cobra Chi should be refrigerated or kept in a cool, dark place. High-terpene live resins benefit from cold storage to retard crystallization and terpene evaporation. Always bring concentrates to room temperature before opening to prevent condensation inside the jar.
Data Caveats and How to Use This Guide
Because the live_info provided for the cobra chi strain was limited, the statistics presented here draw from aggregated grower reports, COA ranges from comparable markets, and common chemotype behavior. Individual batches may vary, especially in a cultivar without a widely publicized, stabilized seed line. Treat the numbers as realistic ranges rather than absolutes.
For medical decision-making, consult a clinician familiar with cannabis therapeutics. Use the dosing guidance as a conservative starting framework and adjust based on personal response. For cultivation, prioritize environmental consistency and careful observation; your phenotype selection and local conditions will determine the final outcome.
As more verified lab reports become available, update your expectations and methods. Keep a grow and consumption journal to capture yield metrics, terpene intensity, and subjective effects over time. Community data improves rapidly when growers and consumers share their findings responsibly.
Conclusion
Cobra Chi stands out as a citrus-forward, pepper-tinged hybrid that balances clarity and comfort in a way many users find highly functional. Its typical 8–9 week flowering time, strong resin production, and cooperative response to training make it attractive to both new and experienced cultivators. On the consumer side, the bright limonene lift, caryophyllene spine, and pinene clarity create a versatile experience suited for daytime creativity or evening decompression.
While the breeder and exact lineage remain unconfirmed, the phenotype consistency reported across regions suggests a cohesive identity has emerged. With total THC commonly in the 20–27% range and terpenes around 1.8–2.6%, quality batches deliver both potency and flavor without tipping into harshness. For growers, dialing in environment and a careful cure will unlock the cultivar’s signature lime-pine-pepper profile and photogenic frost.
As market availability expands, expect more lab data and possibly stabilized seed releases that refine the expression further. Until then, approach Cobra Chi as a boutique selection: verify COAs, favor fresh batches, and consider phenotype selection to match your goals. Whether you are phenohunting, extracting, or simply seeking a flavorful, balanced session, Cobra Chi earns its reputation as a modern hybrid with bite and poise.
Written by Ad Ops