Written by Ad OpsHistory and Origin of AK-47 Auto
AK-47 Auto traces its roots to the storied photoperiod strain AK-47, a 1990s icon built from Colombian, Mexican, Thai, and Afghan landraces. The original AK-47 won dozens of international cups over three decades, earning a reputation for resin-soaked flowers and a balanced, upbeat high. As consumer demand shifted toward quicker harvests and tighter indoor spaces, breeders sought to graft the AK-47 experience onto a day-neutral, rapid-finishing frame. That pursuit led to the modern autoflowering descendants collectively known as AK-47 Auto, AK Auto, or simply AK-47 Auto.
Huba Seed Bank’s rendition of AK-47 Auto foregrounds stability, resin production, and the strain’s classic social buzz. By integrating a robust ruderalis donor into an AK-47-based hybrid, Huba secured the day-neutral trait without erasing the strain’s personality. The result is a compact, schedule-independent plant that moves from seed to harvest in roughly 9–11 weeks under 18–20 hours of light. In practice, that means multiple staggered harvests per season indoors and two to three runs per warm outdoor season at many latitudes.
Commercial catalogs echo the appeal with market names like Royal AK Auto, often described as earthy, clean-burning, and giggle-forward in its effects. Retail descriptions consistently highlight swift turnaround times and approachable plant sizes tailored to tents and closets. It’s common to see AK-47 Auto bundled in indoor autoflower assortments alongside compact cultivars like GG4 Auto and Banana Kush Auto for “tent-sized triumphs.” This positioning speaks to the strain’s reliability and manageable geometry more than to hype alone.
The move to an autoflower format broadened AK-47’s audience far beyond traditional photoperiod growers. New cultivators could hit quality milestones with fewer timing errors, while seasoned cultivators could maximize perpetual harvest schedules. Autoflowering genetics removed the need to manage light cycles for flowering, simplifying logistics in multi-crop environments. Meanwhile, the core AK-47 identity—zesty spice, savory woods, and buoyant euphoria—remained intact.
Over the last decade, AK-47 Auto has been standardized into a handful of stable lines with modest phenotypic spread. Reported indoor yields commonly cluster around 350–475 g/m² under optimized LED conditions, reflecting vigorous early vegetative growth and a stout central cola. Outdoors, single-plant yields of 60–170 g are typical, with standout plants exceeding 200 g in prolonged Mediterranean summers. These numbers align with the broader autoflower category while slightly outperforming many mid-tier autos in uniform gardens.
Consumer feedback underscores a consistent user experience: earthy aromas, resin-drenched buds, and a sociable, laughter-prone high. Retail descriptors routinely mention “giggly highs,” an observation reinforced by a noticeable uplift during the first 45–90 minutes post-consumption. The strain’s historical arc—from landrace-derived photoperiod royalty to fast-finishing, tent-ready auto—mirrors the industry’s shift toward efficiency without sacrificing character. In that sense, AK-47 Auto is less a compromise and more a modernization of a proven classic.
Genetic Lineage and Breeding Rationale
AK-47 Auto exists at the nexus of three subspecies: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis. The photoperiod AK-47 leaned sativa in feel while retaining indica density, thanks to its Thai/Colombian/Mexican and Afghan inputs. To make it an auto, breeders introduced ruderalis genetics carrying the day-neutral flowering allele, enabling bloom irrespective of photoperiod. Huba Seed Bank’s selection honed this trait while preserving terpenes and resin density associated with AK-47’s legacy.
In practice, AK-47 Auto’s subspecies contributions vary by breeding line, but typical ranges land around 35–45% sativa, 25–35% indica, and 15–25% ruderalis. The ruderalis portion is functionally essential and generally minimized to protect cannabinoid and terpene output. Modern autos commonly outperform early-generation autos from the late 2000s, which often lost potency due to heavier ruderalis loads. Today’s lines show tighter internodes, higher trichome coverage, and THC percentages comparable to many photoperiod hybrids.
Royal market descriptors capture the genetics succinctly as “Legendary Landraces Meet Speedy Ruderalis.” That shorthand points to the backbone of AK-47’s landrace mosaic and the key technological leap—the day-neutral flowering program from ruderalis. This genetic handshake is why AK-47 Auto can be run at 18–20 hours of light from start to finish. The plant’s clock is metabolic rather than solar, driven by age and developmental stage instead of daylight length.
Breeding objectives focused on three pillars: time to harvest, uniformity, and sensory fidelity. Growers favor autos that hit 9–11 weeks consistently with minimal height variability, reducing training and canopy management complexity. Uniform terpene expression is equally critical, ensuring that earthy-woodsy spice and faint citrus-pine appear across phenotypes. Resin coverage, an AK-47 signature, is treated as a non-negotiable selection criterion.
Beyond the flowering locus, breeders target traits like early vigor, stem strength, and mold resistance. Ruderalis ancestry contributes a degree of cold tolerance and quicker vegetative turnover, useful for shoulder-season outdoor runs. However, when ruderalis input is too high, potency can dip; balanced lines avoid this trade-off by backcrossing to AK-47-dominant parents. The end product is an auto that feels like AK-47 rather than a generic fast hybrid.
Huba Seed Bank’s AK-47 Auto demonstrates this balance in real-world gardens. It finishes quickly, forms a distinct central cola, and retains a terpene fingerprint familiar to AK-47 fans. Compared to early autos, modern AK-47 Auto lines exhibit stronger lateral branching, brighter aromatics, and THC numbers routinely reported in the mid-to-high teens. This progress reflects focused selection across multiple filial generations rather than single-pass crosses.
Appearance and Plant Structure
AK-47 Auto is compact and symmetrical, with a dominant apical cola and well-spaced secondary spears. Indoors, plants commonly reach 60–100 cm, rarely exceeding 110 cm without heavy nitrogen or CO2 supplementation. Internodes are medium, helping light penetrate the canopy while keeping the plant tent-friendly. Leaves tend to be mid-width with a sativa-leaning serration pattern, reflecting the hybrid’s mixed ancestry.
Bud formation begins early, often by the end of week 3–4 from sprout under 18–20 hours of light. Flowers are lime to forest green with tangerine to copper pistils that darken toward harvest. Calyces stack densely, and resin glands proliferate, giving mature colas a sugar-frosted look under LED. Trichome heads are bulbous and plentiful, enhancing bag appeal and extraction yields.
By week 7–9, plants hit peak swell, and the central cola becomes notably top-heavy. Lateral branches often require soft ties to prevent leaning during late flower, especially in high-PPFD rooms. Many growers report a modest stretch of 30–60% after preflower sets in, which is moderate for an auto with sativa heritage. The structure favors single-plant displays in 2–3 gallon (8–12 L) pots or compact sea-of-green layouts.
Yield-wise, AK-47 Auto performs consistently across media when the root zone is oxygenated and warm. Indoor growers report 350–475 g/m² under optimized LEDs at 600–800 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹, with CO2 rooms occasionally topping 500 g/m². Outdoor plants typically produce 60–170 g per plant, spiking higher in long, warm summers with two back-to-back runs. These figures align with experienced growers’ reports across forums and retail product pages.
Visually, cured buds are medium-dense with a slightly conical form and a moderate fox-tail tendency in high-heat rooms. The resin coat remains thick even on sugar leaves, making trim bins glitter with kief. Finished flowers grind well without powdering, indicating good calyx-to-leaf ratios when grown under steady conditions. The overall impression is clean, modern, and undeniably AK-leaning despite the autoflower backbone.
Aroma Profile (The Nose)
Open a jar of AK-47 Auto and the first wave is earthy and woody, like fresh soil turned under pine needles. Secondary notes include cracked black pepper, dried herbs, and a gentle floral sweetness. A light citrus zest and resinous pine creep in after the initial earth, lending brightness to the bouquet. The aroma evokes both forest floor and spice cabinet, with a clean finish.
During grind, pepper and pine intensify as caryophyllene and pinene volatilize. Warmed flowers release a deeper incense tone with faint hints of sandalwood. Terpene-laden resin makes the aroma linger, and the peppery tickle can be noticeable in the nostrils. Careful drying and a slow cure preserve this layered profile without muting the brighter top notes.
Retail descriptions often summarize the nose as “earthy aromas,” a fair shorthand given its dominant base. Yet the nuance hides in the interplay between myrcene’s musk, caryophyllene’s spice, and limonene’s lift. Garden-fresh flowers frequently smell more floral and herbal than heavily cured samples. As curing progresses, wood and spice come forward while citrus recedes.
Well-grown AK-47 Auto maintains aromatic intensity well past 60 days in airtight glass at 62% relative humidity. Terpene retention improves with 60°F/60% RH drying parameters for 10–14 days. Over-drying above 1.0 kPa VPD can strip the top notes quickly, leaving a flatter earth-and-wood profile. Proper post-harvest handling is essential to capture the strain’s best expression.
Flavor Profile (Smoke and Vapor)
The flavor mirrors the nose with a grounded earth base, gentle woods, and a peppered edge. Inhalation starts smooth and herbal, then turns spice-kissed on the exhale, especially when smoked. Vaporization at 180–190°C emphasizes citrus and pine, while 195–205°C unlocks deeper pepper and sandalwood. A faint sweetness trails in the aftertaste without becoming cloying.
Users often report a clean, classic profile rather than a modern candy-forward palette. The mouthfeel is medium-bodied, with moderate resin stickiness on the lips and tongue. Repeated pulls showcase evolving layers: first herb and citrus, then pepper and resin, and finally a dry, woody finish. Hard, fast burns can sharpen the pepper, so a gentle draw preserves complexity.
Water-cured or over-dried flower dulls the citrus and floral edges, reducing the strain’s charm. A slow cure helps unify the flavors and tamp bitterness. In joints and vapes alike, the finish remains tidy, with minimal lingering harshness when bud is properly matured. Concentrates express as pine-pepper resin with a clean, savory undertone.
Pairings tend to favor herbal teas, citrus-forward seltzers, or light-roast coffee. Savory snacks like mixed nuts or sharp cheeses align with the pepper-wood signature. For terp lovers, a low-temp dab of live resin made from AK-47 Auto can spotlight myrcene and caryophyllene. Across forms, the throughline stays distinctly earthy and refined.
Cannabinoid Profile and Potency
AK-47 Auto typically tests in the mid-teens to high teens for THC, with many verified reports in the 15–19% range. Some phenotypes under optimized conditions have been reported near or just above 20%, but the modal result centers around 16–18%. CBD is usually low at 0.2–0.8%, reflecting its heritage as an uplifting, THC-forward hybrid. Minor cannabinoids such as CBG often appear in the 0.3–1.5% range, depending on maturity and cut.
Total cannabinoids often cluster in the 17–23% range for well-grown flower, with variance driven by environment, harvest timing, and drying/curing. Early harvests lean toward brighter, racier effects with slightly lower measurable THC due to incomplete THCA development. Later harvests can show a modest rise in CBN post-cure as some THC oxidizes, tilting effects toward relaxation. Growers aiming for maximum potency often target milky trichomes with 5–15% amber.
Extraction yields from AK-47 Auto flower frequently land in the 16–22% range for hydrocarbon extractions, reflecting strong trichome density. Rosin pressing of properly cured flower typically yields 15–20%, with higher returns from fresh-frozen material. The resin’s terp load contributes to the impression of potency even when THC numbers are mid-tier. Many users perceive the effect as stronger than lab numbers suggest due to terpene synergy.
Dose-response follows familiar THC curves: 2.5–5 mg edible THC for new consumers, 5–10 mg for occasional users, and 10–20 mg for experienced consumers. Inhalation onset is rapid within minutes, peaking at 30–60 minutes, and tapering over 2–3 hours for most users. Edible onset usually arrives at 45–120 minutes with effects lasting 4–6 hours. These timing windows are consistent with controlled THC pharmacokinetic studies and real-world user reports.
Batch-to-batch variability does exist, as with all autos, due to the interplay of age-triggered flowering and environmental factors. Temperature, PPFD, root-zone oxygenation, and nutrient balance each can shift resin output by double-digit percentages. Careful post-harvest handling can prevent terpene loss, helping the chemotype present as intended. In practice, growers who maintain stable VPD and gentle dry/cure often report the highest perceived potency.
Compared to the photoperiod AK-47, the auto version’s average THC is similar or slightly lower, with faster production cycles making up ground on throughput. Where photoperiod AK-47 sometimes stretches its potency into the low 20s, AK-47 Auto’s consistency and speed remain its core advantages. For most users, the net experience aligns closely with the AK profile that made the name famous. Balanced vigor and reliable potency make it a strong candidate for daily drivers and perpetual grows.
Dominant Terpenes and Minor Aromatics
AK-47 Auto’s terpene profile is dominated by myrcene and caryophyllene, with supporting roles from pinene, limonene, and humulene. In well-grown samples, total terpene content of 1.2–2.2% by dry weight is common, with standouts surpassing 2.5%. Myrcene frequently sits around 0.5–1.2%, contributing to the earthy, herbal musk and soft body feel. Caryophyllene often measures 0.2–0.6%, adding black pepper spice and CB2-receptor activity implications.
Alpha- and beta-pinene together commonly fall in the 0.1–0.3% band, accounting for the resinous pine and perceived mental clarity. Limonene, typically at 0.1–0.4%, injects a lemon-zest brightness that shows best in vaporized flower. Humulene, at 0.05–0.2%, reinforces woody, hoppy tones and may modulate appetite through its known sensory pathways. Trace linalool appears periodically, adding wisps of lavender, especially in cooler-grown batches.
These terpenes interact meaningfully with THC to shape the subjective effect. Myrcene is frequently associated with enhanced permeability and a smoother onset, while caryophyllene’s unique CB2 binding may contribute to perceived anti-inflammatory qualities. Pinene is linked to alertness and memory support, balancing THC’s occasional forgetfulness. Limonene often correlates with mood lift and sociability, consistent with the “giggly highs” frequently reported for this strain.
Environmental control can materially alter terp expression by 10–30%. Cooler late-flower temperatures around 20–22°C and gentle handling preserve volatile monoterpenes like pinene and limonene. Aggressive drying, excessive heat, or high airflow can strip top notes, leaving a flatter earth-and-wood profile. Growers working toward maximal bouquet often adopt a 60/60 dry and 8–12 week cure for best results.
In extracts, the terpene hierarchy remains similar, but ratios can shift with solvent and temperature. Hydrocarbon extracts tend to retain the peppered resin character strongly, while rosin emphasizes floral-herbal nuances when pressed at 90–95°C. Live resin made from fresh-frozen material often showcases limonene and pinene more prominently. Across formats, the core AK-47 aromatic fingerprint carries through reliably.
Terpene totals compare favorably with other autos, many of which hover near 1.0–1.5% total terp content. AK-47 Auto’s higher-end aroma performance lends itself to connoisseur appeal despite its production-friendly growth cycle. The result is a strain that satisfies both the nose and the calendar. For many cultivators, that balance is AK-47 Auto’s defining advantage.
Experiential Effects and Onset Curve
Expect a brisk, upbeat onset within minutes of inhalation, lifting mood and sociability. Many users describe a clear, talkative phase with a playful edge—hence frequent “giggly highs” in retail and community notes. Body effects arrive shortly after, smoothing tension without heavy sedation. The balance makes AK-47 Auto a go-to for social sessions, creative brainstorming, or chores with a soundtrack.
Onset peaks around 30–60 minutes post-inhalation and recedes gradually over 2–3 hours. The early phase favors laughter and lightness, while the mid-phase brings steady focus and calm. Higher doses push toward couch-friendly relaxation as myrcene and caryophyllene assert their grounding influence. For many, it’s an arc that starts sativa-leaning and resolves into a hybrid cool-down.
Sensitivity varies, and a minority of consumers may experience brief anxiety or racing thoughts at large doses. Keeping first sessions at one or two small inhalations helps set a comfortable baseline. Hydration mitigates the common cottonmouth, reported by well over half of cannabis users across strains. Dry eyes and mild transient dizziness can occur, especially with rapid intake.
Edible effects are slower but map similarly in character: uplift, sociability, then body ease. At 5–10 mg THC, most report a cheerful mood lift and reduced muscle tension without cognitive fog. At 10–20 mg, the body component becomes more pronounced, and many users prefer comfortable seating and a mellow environment. For sensitive users, pacing and lower doses reduce the chance of overshooting the desired zone.
Product freshness and terpene retention measurably shape the qualitative effect. Terpene-rich flower often feels brighter and more layered, even at identical THC percentages. An older, terpene-faded jar may read as flatter and more sedating. Proper cure preserves the energetic top end many associate with AK-47 genetics.
In community surveys and anecdotal aggregations, users frequently tag AK-47 Auto as “happy,” “talkative,” and “relaxed.” Those descriptors align with the strain’s hybrid chemotype and its caryophyllene/myrcene backbone. As always, set and setting steer the experience—music, companionship, and mindset amplify the strain’s social strengths. When treated with respect, AK-47 Auto is as reliable as it is approachable.
Potential Medical Uses (Non-Clinical Overview)
While not a substitute for medical advice, AK-47 Auto’s profile overlaps with common wellness goals. The mood-elevating onset and sociable character may help with short-term stress, situational low mood, or social apprehension. Myrcene and caryophyllene’s grounding tendencies can complement THC’s uplift for a rounded, comforting experience. Users often report reduced muscle tension and a mild analgesic aura after the peak.
Caryophyllene is notable as a dietary-cannabinoid terpene with CB2 receptor affinity, a pathway implicated in inflammatory modulation. Pinene’s association with alertness and attention may counterbalance THC’s short-term memory effects for some individuals. Limonene has been linked in research contexts to anxiolytic-like properties, though responses are personal and dose-dependent. Together, these terpenes can shape a user experience many find emotionally buoyant yet physically soothing.
For daytime relief, small inhaled doses allow titration with rapid feedback, helping users avoid sedation. Evening sessions at moderate doses can ease unwinding and reduce rumination without necessarily inducing couch lock. The strain’s low CBD means it is not tailored for conditions where CBD-dominant products are indicated. Still, minor CBG content may contribute to perceived comfort and calm in some users.
Commonly reported support areas include transient stress, workday soreness, and appetite nudging. Some users cite modest relief from tension headaches and neck/shoulder tightness, likely through relaxation and distraction rather than strong analgesia. The bright yet balanced mood effect can make chores and creative pastimes more enjoyable. As always, individual chemistry is decisive, and careful self-observation is advised.
Dosing guidelines generally start at 2.5–5 mg THC orally or 1–2 light inhalations, especially for new or infrequent users. Those with higher tolerance or prior experience can responsibly escalate in small steps. Combining cannabis with other sedatives or alcohol increases impairment risk and is not recommended. Anyone with a medical condition or taking medications should consult a healthcare professional before using cannabis.
Because AK-47 Auto is THC-forward with modest CBD, it is unlikely to be ideal for seizure-related indications or as a sole agent for high-inflammation conditions. However, its approachable, giggly lift may be emotionally supportive in the short term for many. Users frequently highlight its ability to make social interaction easier and daily stressors feel smaller. In that sense, the strain’s value is as much about quality of life as it is about symptom targeting.
Comprehensive Cultivation Guide (Seed to Jar)
Overview and cycle length: AK-47 Auto is a fast, tent-friendly auto that typically finishes in 9–11 weeks from sprout under 18–20 hours of light. Many growers see pistils by day 18–25 and notable flower set by day 28–35. Height indoors averages 60–100 cm, with moderate stretch after preflower. These traits make it a reliable anchor for perpetual harvest schedules.
Germination and early seedling: Use a gentle, oxygenated medium and avoid overwatering. Paper towel, rapid rooters, or pre-moistened seed plugs at 24–26°C provide 90%+ germination when seeds are fresh. Transplant shock is risky for autos, so plant directly into the final container when possible. If transplanting, move seedlings before day 10 to minimize growth stalls.
Containers and medium: Final pot sizes of 8–12 L (2–3 gal) are ideal indoors; outdoors, 15–25 L supports larger canopies. Light, airy soil or coco blends with 30–40% perlite promote fast root expansion. In soil, aim for pH 6.2–6.8; in coco/hydro, keep pH 5.8–6.1. Maintain media temperatures of 20–23°C for optimal root metabolism.
Lighting: Keep a steady 18/6 schedule throughout, or 20/4 if heat is controlled and energy costs are acceptable. Seedlings respond well to 200–300 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ PPFD, vegetative growth thrives at 400–600 PPFD, and flowering performs at 600–800 PPFD. DLI targets of 30–45 mol·m⁻²·day⁻¹ are appropriate for compact autos. Excess PPFD without added CO2 can cause light stress; watch for tacoing leaves and bleach.
Climate and VPD: Day temperatures of 24–28°C and night temps of 18–22°C work well. Keep VPD around 0.8–1.2 kPa in early growth and 1.0–1.4 kPa in mid-to-late flower. Lower late-flower temps to 20–22°C to preserve monoterpenes and color. Stable climate management improves terpene totals by measurable margins.
Nutrition and EC: Autos prefer modest nitrogen early; start around 0.8–1.2 EC in coco/hydro and feed every watering. In soil, fertilize lightly at first, letting amended media carry the load. During peak veg (days 14–35), supply 80–120 ppm N, 40–60 ppm P2O5, and 120–180 ppm K2O equivalents. In bloom, taper N to 40–60 ppm and raise K to 200–250 ppm with adequate Ca/Mg (100–150 ppm Ca, 40–60 ppm Mg).
Watering and root health: Water to 10–20% runoff in coco/hydro and to field capacity in soil without saturating. Allow light dry-back between irrigations to keep roots oxygenated. Autos punish overwatering with stunting that cannot be recovered due to fixed life cycles. Add beneficial microbes or enzymes to aid nutrient availability and root resilience.
Training and canopy management: Favor low-stress training (LST) starting around day 14–18 to open the canopy. Avoid topping after day 18–21; most autos lose time and yield if topped late. Tie down the main stem gently and guide secondaries outward for an even, flat canopy. Minimal defoliation in weeks 3–6 improves airflow, but maintain enough leaf for photosynthesis.
CO2 and advanced methods: If enriching, 1,000–1,200 ppm CO2 during hours of light can increase biomass by 10–20% when PPFD is 700–900 and climate is tightly controlled. Autos benefit from CO2 but still dislike heavy stress, so keep training conservative. Sea-of-green layouts of 9–12 plants per m² in 6–8 L pots can push uniformity and throughput. Alternatively, 4–6 larger plants per m² in 10–12 L pots produce impressive central colas with less plant handling.
Pest and disease management: Keep IPM preventative and gentle—sticky traps, periodic leaf inspections, and microbial foliar sprays in veg. PM risk rises in dense canopies; maintain airflow with oscillating fans and avoid RH spikes during lights-off. Root pathogens are deterred by clean irrigation lines, adequate dry-backs, and stable temperatures. If issues arise, act quickly—autos offer little time for recovery.
Flowering timeline and cues: Preflower appears by days 18–28, with visible stacking by days 28–42. Trichomes cloud in weeks 7–9, and a typical harvest window runs days 63–77. Many growers pull at 5–15% amber for a balanced effect; more amber deepens body relaxation. AK-47 Auto’s pistils often turn copper quickly, so rely on trichomes over hair color.
Flushing and harvest: In coco/hydro, a 7–10 day low-EC finish helps reduce residual salts and improve flavor. In living soil, simply cease top feeding and water as needed; do not starve a dry soil bed. Harvest during the dark cycle or after a brief dark rest if desired, which some growers believe enhances terpene retention. Gentle handling preserves trichome heads and keeps kief in the jar, not on the floor.
Drying and curing: Aim for the 60/60 rule—60°F (15.5°C) and 60% RH for 10–14 days with light airflow, no direct fan on buds. Once stems snap, jar with 62% packs, burp daily for the first week, then weekly thereafter. A 4–8 week cure elevates the pepper-wood bouquet and smooths the smoke. Proper post-harvest can raise perceived quality more than any late nutrient tweak.
Yield expectations: Indoors, optimized grows see 350–475 g/m²; outdoor single-plant yields of 60–170 g are typical, with strong sun and warm nights pushing higher. Oil and rosin returns align with resin-rich morphology, often outpacing average autos. In tents, AK-47 Auto has earned a place in curated “indoor autoflower mixes” specifically for its compact, dependable stature. That compact “champion” profile makes it easy to recommend for beginners and efficient for experts.
Outdoor scheduling: In temperate zones, plant after the last frost and stagger sowings every 3–4 weeks for rolling harvests. Two runs are realistic in northern summers; three are possible in longer, Mediterranean climates. Ruderalis influence gives modest cold resilience, but growth slows below 15°C, so prioritize warmer windows. Shelter from heavy rain late in flower to avoid botrytis on dense colas.
Strain-specific tips: Keep nitrogen conservative after week 4 to preserve terpene clarity and prevent leafy buds. Moderate PPFD in late flower (650–750 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹) maintains resin without bleaching or terpene burn-off. A gentle LST framework plus selective leaf tucks outperforms aggressive defoliation on this cultivar. Above all, avoid shock—autos never give lost time back.
